Understanding Different Types of School Plans for Children with Health Needs: IEP vs. 504 Plan vs. IHP

When your child lives with a chronic condition, navigating school life can be more complicated. You want them to feel safe, supported, and included—without being overlooked or misunderstood. That’s where school health plans come in.

You may have heard of a 504 Plan, but that’s just one of several options. Understanding the differences between a 504 Plan, an Individualized Health Plan (IHP), and an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) can help you advocate for the right support system for your child.

🔹 What Is an Individualized Health Plan (IHP)?

An IHP is a detailed medical plan developed by the school nurse in coordination with parents and physicians. While not federally mandated like a 504 or IEP, IHPs are often used to support day-to-day health needs for students with chronic conditions.

An IHP may include:

• Emergency protocols (eg. what to do during an asthma attack or allergic reaction)
• Medication instructions
• Details on symptom monitoring
• Names of trained staff
• Documentation of triggers and avoidance strategies

Unlike a 504, an IHP isn’t necessarily protected by law in the same way—but it can work alongside a 504 or IEP for more comprehensive care.

🔹 What Is a 504 Plan?

A 504 Plan falls under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. It's designed to ensure that students with disabilities or health conditions have the same access to education as their peers.

For kids with asthma, eczema, or allergies, this might include:

• Access to medications like inhalers or EpiPens
• Permission to carry and self-administer medications
• Ability to take breaks to manage symptoms (like needing to reapply moisturizer for eczema)
• Modified participation in physical activities or recess
• Allergy-safe lunchroom accommodations
• Air quality or fragrance restrictions when necessary

504 Plans are legally binding and must be followed by all school staff. However, they don't typically include direct nursing care and not everyone may qualify.

🔹 What Is an IEP?

An Individualized Education Plan (IEP) is designed for students whose health condition directly affects their ability to learn and requires special education services.

While not as common for asthma or eczema alone, your child may qualify if their condition causes frequent absences, concentration issues due to discomfort, or impacts their ability to complete tasks without modification.

An IEP includes:

• Specific learning goals
• Specialized instruction
• Services like occupational or speech therapy (if needed)
• Classroom accommodations
• Measurable outcomes

IEPs offer the strongest legal protections and involve a full team, including a special education teacher, administrators, and service providers.

🛠️ Which One Does Your Child Need?

✍️ Tips for Parents: How to Advocate Effectively

• Start with documentation. You’ll need medical records and a letter from your provider outlining your child’s diagnosis and needs.
• Request a meeting in writing. Send a formal email or letter to the school’s principal or counselor requesting a 504 or IEP evaluation.
• Be specific. Don’t just say “asthma” or “eczema”—spell out what that means day-to-day. For example: “Needs access to a cool, quiet room during flare-ups.”
• Keep a copy of everything. Plans, meeting notes, emails—document your advocacy journey.
• Follow up yearly. These plans should be reviewed annually or whenever your child’s needs change.

🧡 Your Child Deserves to Thrive

You’re not asking for special treatment—you’re asking for fair access. Whether your child’s eczema flares during gym, their asthma spikes during pollen season, or their food allergies make lunchtime a challenge, the right plan can make all the difference.

If you're not sure where to begin, start by talking to your pediatrician and school nurse. Then, request a meeting with school staff to find the right plan—because every child deserves to feel safe, comfortable, and shine at school.